Concept of Multithreading : Android Training in Chandigarh

Discussing Multi-threading with android training in Chandigarh

Let us discuss about Multi-threading with android Training in Chandigarh.

Multi-threading is an applied constructed programming idea where a program (process) is partitioned 
into at least two subprograms (process), which can be executed in the meantime in parallel. A multi 
threaded program contains at least two sections that can run simultaneously. Some portion of such a
 program is known as a string, and each string characterizes a different way of execution.A procedure
 comprises of the memory space distributed by the working framework that can contain at least one 
strings. A string can't exist without anyone else; it must be a piece of a procedure.

There are two particular kinds of Multitasking i.e. Processor-Based and Thread-Based multitasking.

Q: What is the contrast between string based and process-based multitasking?

Ans: As both are sorts of multitasking there is extremely essential contrast between the two.

Process-Based multitasking is an element that enables your PC to run at least two programs simultaneously. 
For instance you can tune in to music and in the meantime talk with your companions on Face-book 
utilizing program. In Thread-based multitasking, string is the littlest

unit of code, which implies a solitary program can perform at least two assignments at the same time.
 For instance a word processor can print and in the meantime you can alter content gave that those two 
 are perform by separate strings.

Q: Why multitasking string requires less overhead than multitasking processor?

Ans: A multitasking string requires less overhead than multitasking processor in light of the

following reasons:

Procedures are heavyweight assignments where strings are lightweight

Procedures require their own particular separate address space where strings share the address
 space

Interprocess correspondence is costly and constrained where Inter thread correspondence is
 economical, and setting changing starting with one string then onto the next is bring down in cost.

Advantages of Multi-threading

1. Empowers developers to do various things at one time

2

2. Software engineers can separate a long program into strings and execute them in parallel

which in the end expands the speed of the program execution

3. Enhanced execution and simultaneousness

4. Concurrent access to various applications

Life Cycle of Thread

A string can be in any of the five after states

1. Infant State: When a string object is made another string is conceived and said to be

in Newborn state.

2. Runnable State: If a string is in this state it implies that the string is prepared for

execution and sitting tight for the accessibility of the processor. In the event that all strings in line are of

same need then they are given schedule openings for execution in round robin form

3. Running State: It implies that the processor has given its opportunity to the string for

execution. A string continues running until the point that the accompanying conditions happens

a. String surrender its control alone and it can occur in the accompanying

circumstances

I. A string gets suspended utilizing suspend() strategy which must be

resuscitated with continue() strategy

ii. A string is made to rest for a predefined time-frame utilizing

sleep(time) strategy, where time in milliseconds

iii. A string is made to sit tight for some occasion to happen utilizing hold up () strategy.

For this situation a string can be planned to run again utilizing inform ()

strategy.

b. A string is pr-empted by a higher need string

4. Blocked State: If a string is kept from going into runnable state and

in this way running state, at that point a string is said to be in Blocked state.

5. Dead State: A runnable string enters the Dead or ended state when it finishes

its undertaking or generally ends.

Fig: Life Cycle of Thread

Principle Thread

Each time a Java program begins up, one string starts running which is called as the fundamental

string of the program since the one is executed when your program starts.

Tyke strings are delivered from primary string

Regularly it is the last string to complete execution as it performs different close down

activities

Making a Thread

Java characterizes two manners by which this can be expert:

1. You can actualize the Runnable interface.

2. You can expand the Thread class, itself.

3. Make Thread by Implementing Runnable

The most effortless approach to make a string is to make a class that executes the Runnable
 interface.

To execute Runnable, a class require just actualize a solitary strategy called run( ), which is

announced this way:

open void run( )

You will characterize the code that constitutes the new string inside run() strategy. It is vital

to comprehend that run() can call different strategies, utilize different classes, and proclaim factors, '
just like the principle string can.

After you make a class that actualizes Runnable, you will instantiate a protest of sort. String from
 inside that class. String characterizes a few constructors. The one that we will utilize is appeared
 here:

Thread(Runnable threadOb, String threadName);

Here threadOb is a case of a class that actualizes the Runnable interface and the name

of the new string is indicated by threadName. After the new string is made, it won't begin

running until the point when you call its begin( ) technique, which is pronounced inside Thread. The
 begin( ) technique is appeared here:

void begin( );

Case to Create a Thread utilizing Runnable Interface

Yield: Make Thread by Extending Thread The second method to make a string is to make another 
class that expands Thread, and after that to make a case of that class. The expanding class must 
abrogate the run( ) techniques.

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Android XML Parser : Android Training in Chandigarh

Android - XML Parser 

 

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language.XML is a very famous arrangement and generally used for allocation information on the

 internet. This chapter analyze how to parse the XML file and quotation necessary advice from it. Android afford three types of XML

 parsers which are DOM,SAX and XMLPullParser. Surrounded by all of them android advocate XMLPullParser because it is active

 and easy to use. So we are functioning to use XMLPullParser for parsing XML.

The first step is to analyze the garden in the XML data in which you are absorbed in. For example. In the XML given below we absorbed 
 in getting condition only.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<current>
  
  <city id="2643743" name="London">
     <coord lon="-0.12574" lat="51.50853"/>
     <country>GB</country>
     <sun rise="2013-10-08T06:13:56" set="2013-10-08T17:21:45"/>
  </city>
  
  <temperature value="289.54" min="289.15" max="290.15" unit="kelvin"/>
  <humidity value="77" unit="%"/>
  <pressure value="1025" unit="hPa"/>
</current>

XML - Elements

An xml file contains of many ingredients. Here is the table decide the components of an XML file and their confession.

Prolog

An XML file kick off with a prolog. The first line that accomodate the information about a file is prolog

Text

Apart from tags and events, and xml file also contains simple text. Similar as GB is a text in the country tag.

Attributes

Attributes are the additional properties of a tag such as value e.t.c

Events

An XML file has many actions. Event could be like this. Document starts , Document ends, Tag start , Tag end and Text e.t.c

Learn all the XML related concepts with android training in Chandigarh. Now, Let us discuss about the XML - Parsing.

XML - Parsing

XMLPullParser object in procedure to constitute that we will first create XmlPullParserFactory object and then call its
 newPullParser() method to build XMLPullParser. Its syntax is given below −

private XmlPullParserFactory xmlFactoryObject = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
private XmlPullParser myparser = xmlFactoryObject.newPullParser();

The next step affect  determine the file for XmlPullParser that contains XML. It could be a case or could be a current.
 In our case it is a stream.Its syntax is given below −

myparser.setInput(stream, null);

The last step is to parse the XML. An XML file get along of accident, Name, Text, AttributesValue e.t.c. So XMLPullParser
 has a disparts function for define each of the basic of XML file.

Here we have given the syntax below:-

int event = myParser.getEventType();
while (event != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT)  {
  String name=myParser.getName();
  switch (event){
     case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
     break;
     
     case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
     if(name.equals("temperature")){
        temperature = myParser.getAttributeValue(null,"value");
     }
     break;
  }       
  event = myParser.next();                    
}

The method getEventType appearance the type of causality that happens. e.g: Document start , tag start e.t.c. 
The method getName arrival the name of the tag and after all we are only interested in temperature , so we just
 check in limited allegation that if we got a climate tag , we call the approach getAttributeValue to arrival us 
the value of temperature tag.

Apart from the these approach, there are other ways to provide the class for improved parsing XML files. 
 Other methods are listed below −

getAttributeCount()

This method just arrival the number of attributes of the current start tag

getAttributeName(int index)

This method returns the name of the aspect described by the index value

getColumnNumber()

This method returns the Returns the current column number, starting from 0.

getDepth()

This method returns Returns the current depth of the element.

getLineNumber()

Returns the current line number, starting from 1.

getNamespace()

This method returns the namespace URI of the modern element.

getPrefix()

This method returns the prefix of the current element

getName()

This method returns the name of the tag

getText()

This method returns the text for that particular element

isWhitespace()

This method analysis even if the latest TEXT event accommodate only whitetops characters.

Android widget

A widget is a small gadget or authority of your android application arranged on the home screen. 
Widgets can be very accessible as they gives permission  to put your favourite applications on
 your home cover in order to rapidly approach them. You have doubtless seen some accepted
 widgets, such as music widget, weather widget, clock widget e.t.c

   

Widgets could be of many types such as information widgets, collection widgets, control widgets
 and hybrid widgets. Android provides us a complete framework to develop our own widgets.

Widget - XML file

To build an application widget, Starting you required is AppWidgetProviderInfo object, which you 
will agree a independent widget XML file. Right click on your program and create a new folder 
called xml. Now you have to  right click on the new created folder and create a XML file. 
The effectiveness of the XML file will be set to AppWidgetProvider.

Widget - Layout file

Now you have to define the layout of your widget in your default XML file. You can drag
 components to generate auto xml.

Widget - Java file

After defining layout, now create a new JAVA file or use existing one, and extend it with AppWidgetProvider 
 class and reverse its update method as follows.With this we  have to define the object of two classes 
which are RemoteViews and Pending Intent. Learn more about android parser at Android Training in Chandigarh.

Syntax is −

PendingIntent pending = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, intent, 0);
RemoteViews views = new RemoteViews(context.getPackageName(), R.layout.activity_main);

onDeleted(Context context, int[] appWidgetIds)

This is called when an instance of AppWidgetProvider is deleted.

onDisabled(Context context)

This is called when the last instance of AppWidgetProvider is deleted

onEnabled(Context context)

This is called when an instance of AppWidgetProvider is created.

onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)

It is used to dispatch calls to the various methods of the class

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